Polyvinyl chloride, (IUPAC The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry is a non-governmental organization established in 1989 as the successor of the International Congress of Applied Chemistry for the advancement of chemistry. Its members are national chemistry societies. It is the recognized world authority in developing standards for the naming of the chemical Poly(chloroethanediyl)) commonly abbreviated PVC, is a thermoplastic Thermoplastics are elastic and flexible above a glass transition temperature Tg, specific for each one—the midpoint of a temperature range in contrast to the sharp melting point of a pure crystalline substance like water. Below a second, higher melting temperature, Tm, also the midpoint of a range, most thermoplastics have crystalline regions polymer A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units typically connected by covalent chemical bonds. While polymer in popular usage suggests plastic, the term actually refers to a large class of natural and synthetic materials with a variety of properties. It is a vinyl polymer Vinyl polymers are a group of polymers derived from vinyl monomers. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain, made by polymerizing an alkene group into a chain (..-C-C-C-C-..). In popular usage, "vinyl" refers only to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Vinyl polymers are the most common type of plastic: constructed of repeating vinyl groups A related phrase is vinylidene which stands for a double-bonded two-carbon residue with two substituents rather than one, for instance in 1,1-dichloroethene (ethenyls) having one of their hydrogens replaced with a chloride group.
Polyvinyl chloride is the third most widely produced plastic, after polyethylene Polyethylene or polythene (IUPAC name polyethene or poly) is the most widely used plastic, with an annual production of approximately 80 million metric tons. Its primary use is within packaging (notably the plastic shopping bag) and polypropylene Polypropylene or polypropene is a thermoplastic polymer, made by the chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications, including packaging, textiles (e.g. ropes, thermal underwear and carpets), stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer.[3] PVC is widely used in construction In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of multitasking. Normally the job is managed by the project manager and supervised by the construction manager, design engineer, because it is cheap, durable, and easy to assemble. PVC production is expected to exceed 40 million tons by 2016.[4]
It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers Plasticizers or dispersants are additives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of the material to which they are added; these include plastics, cement, concrete, wallboard, and clay. Although the same compounds are often used for both plastics and concretes the desired effect is slightly different. The worldwide market for plasticizers in 2004, the most widely used being phthalates Phthalates, or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers . They are primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride. Phthalates are being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union over health concerns. In this form, it is used in clothing The primary purpose of clothing is functional, as a protection from the elements. Clothes also enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking, by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. Clothes also provide a hygienic barrier, keeping toxins away from the body and limiting the transmission of germs and upholstery Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers. The word upholstery comes from the Middle English words up and holden, meaning to hold up. The term is applied to domestic furniture and also to automobiles, airplanes and boats. A person who works with upholstery is, and to make flexible hoses A hose is a hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes , or more generally tubing. The shape of a hose is usually cylindrical (having a circular cross section) and tubing, flooring Vinyl composition tile is a finished flooring material used primarily in commercial and institutional applications. Vinyl tiles are composed of colored vinyl chips formed into solid sheets of varying thicknesses (1/8” is most common) by heat and pressure and cut into 12” squares. Tiles are applied to a smooth, leveled sub-floor using a, to roofing membranes, and electrical cable insulation. It is also commonly used in figurines A figurine is a statuette that represents a human, deity, or animal. Figurines may be realistic or iconic, depending on the skill and intention of the creator. The earliest were made of stone or clay. Modern versions are made of ceramic, metal, glass, wood and plastic and in inflatable products such as waterbeds A soft-sided waterbed consists of a water-containing mattress inside of a rectangular frame of sturdy foam, zippered inside of a fabric casing, which sits on a platform. The effect is to look like a conventional bed and is designed to fit into existing bedroom furniture. The platform usually looks like a conventional foundation or box spring, and, pool toys, and inflatable structures The name given to such structures varies. In playground terms: in the United States, East Coasters refer to them as a "moonbounce" while West Coasters stick to the generic name of "inflatable playground". They have been marketed with such names as Moon Bounce, Astrojump, Moonwalk, Jolly jump, Bounce house, SpaceWalk, in the US,.
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iAfrica.com, South Africa
Most plastic packaging is made from one of six polymers (polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride , low density polyethylene, polypropylene, or polystyrene). The seventh category "other" is for products made from a ...
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football fields But there s more to PVC than just pipe The vinyl siding used on houses is made of poly vinyl chloride Inside the house PVC is used to make linoleum for the floor
